Cargo Liquefaction and Timely Investigation Reporting
Cargo failure/shifting and liquefaction is the most deadly safety issue facing dry bulk shipping today. Among the 39 total losses suffered by bulk carriers from 2010 to 2019 eight have been attributed to cargo failure resulting in 106 lives lost according to INTERCARGO representing over 61 percent of deaths in the sector.
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Figure 1 Liquefaction as a result of cargo compaction. In the solid state (left) the shear strength of the cargo is provided by the direct contact between the cargo particles. There are sufficient interstitial spaces to accommodate the inherent moisture and a proportion of interstitial air. As the cargo compacts under the influence of the
Learn MoreMARITIME BULK CARGO LIQUEFACTION
There are some distinct and disturbing features of accidents caused by cargo liquefaction. First the accidents happen very fast. The period of time from when liquefaction is detected if it is detected at all until the vessel has capsized could in some cases be only a few minutes. This leaves very little time for remedial measures.
Learn MoreSAFETY BULLETIN 03/20
The cause of above accidents was the loss of stability as a result of liquefaction of solid bulk cargo. Ensure you know exactly what cargo is to be loaded. If there are any doubts about cargo identification the cargo should not be loaded. ANNEX 2 . ATTENTION SHIPPERS AND SHIPMASTERS .
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to safety at sea and to the prevention of accidents casualties and pollution the club issues a variety of safety-related publications. This edition of Standard Cargo focuses on a subject that has been highlighted by a number of bulk carrier ship sinkings cargo liquefaction. In 2010 the majority of bulk carrier deaths were attributed to cargo
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Welcome to Liquef Action.. The Liquef Action project addresses the problem of iron ore fine cargo liquefaction on board bulk carriers under certain conditions. In the past these lead to fatal accidents and a significant number of ships were lost in the short period between 2007 and 2013 only.
Learn MoreNumerical investigation of solid bulk cargo liquefaction
1. Introduction. Over the past few years the risk of cargo liquefaction on ship safety has risen sharply. The liquefaction of mineral ores such as iron ore and nickel ore can result in cargo displacement ( cargo shift ) and loss of ship stability which has been a major cause of marine casualties.
Learn MoreExperimental investigation of cargo liquefaction and
Cargo liquefaction is dangerous as it turns what appears to be an apparently safe cargo into an common material causing liquefaction-based accidents is olive pomace. An early description and analysis of the problem from a soil mechanics perspective is found in
Learn MoreBulk cargo liquefaction incidents during marine
1. Introduction. Liquefaction of solid bulk cargoes on board bulk carriers is a frequent problem whereby a combination of fine particles moisture and changing pore pressures within a cargo result in the mass acting like a liquid.
Learn MoreThe Stellar Daisy Loss Understanding Cargo Liquefaction
It is extremely sad to see the loss of bulk carriers particularly Very Large Ore Carriers (or VLOCs) making headlines in this day and age.While the cause of the disappearance of the Stellar Daisy is still a speculation the evidence of an oil slick suggest the vessel has sunk.. Stellar Daisy may have been a 24 year old bulker (built 1993 source VesselsValue) but surely under a strict
Learn MoreBulk cargo liquefaction incidents during marine
1. Introduction. Liquefaction of solid bulk cargoes on board bulk carriers is a frequent problem whereby a combination of fine particles moisture and changing pore pressures within a cargo result in the mass acting like a liquid.
Learn MoreCARGO LIQUEFACTION AND DANGERS TO SHIPS
The improper loading of solid bulk cargoes cargo liquefaction effects and inadequate communication between the shipper and the Master are resulting in a number of accidents. The Master must always monitor the weather conditions before loading commences for iron ore nickel ore
Learn MoreNickel orea liquefaction riskSkuld
A cargo shift caused by liquefaction may occur when the moisture content exceeds the TML. Some cargoes are susceptible to moisture migration and may develop a dangerous wet base even if the average moisture content is less than the TML. Although the cargo surface may appear dry undetected liquefaction may take place resulting in shifting of
Learn MoreExpert Services for Cargo Damage Cargo Liquefaction
We provide expert services for cargo damage cargo liquefaction. There are many types of cargo carried at sea. LOC s personnel have command experience with bulk liquid and solid cargoes chemical and gas tankers passenger ferries and liners offshore construction vessels and a broad range of container ships and general cargo vessels among others.
Learn MoreThe sinking of a bauxite carrier and why it could have
Jan 09 2015 · The problems of cargo liquefaction are well-known in the shipping and dry bulk handling industries and they are certainly well-understood by the marine and cargo insurance market too. However incidents still occur. Iron ore cargoes especially fines can undergo liquefaction easily with elevated moisture contents.
Learn MorePrecautions against bulk cargo which may liquefy
The most significant consequence for the vessel resulting from liquefaction is cargo shift leading to loss of stability. This may produce dangerous angles of list and in some instances the resulting loss of stability can be such that the vessel and the lives of those onboard are lost.
Learn MoreUpdate on carriage of ore cargoesSkuld
Jan 27 2011 · While the investigation into the casualty is not complete the reports suggest that the cargo may have shifted during rough weather and liquefaction has not been ruled out as a cause. Fortunately the crew was rescued but the accident is another urgent reminder of the dangers involved. December 2011 MV VINALINES QUEEN
Learn MoreShipping of liquefiable bulk cargoes lessons from real
During the first SAFETY4SEA Conference in Singapore Mr. Lee Hiok Liang Naval Architect T T Salvage shared lessons learned from real-life bulk cargo liquefaction accidents stressing that apart from transportable moisture limit sea condition is the other closely related critical parameter that causes high humidity cargoes to be unstable more liable in rough sea for cargo
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accidents caused by cargo liquefaction. First the accidents happen very fast. The period of time from when liquefaction is detected if it is detected at all until the vessel has capsized could in some cases be only a few minutes. This leaves very little time for
Learn MoreDangers of Cargo Liquefaction Can Test Splash Test
Jun 30 2017 · Current methods available to a ship s master for identifying the dangers of cargo liquefactionthe so-called splash and can testsare very rudimentary said Bradley continuing "The can test consists of nothing more than a baked bean tin filled with a sample of the cargo which is then vigorously tapped on
Learn MoreLiquefactionthe legal aspect
a cargo where there is a risk of liquefaction Liquefactionthe legal aspect Martyn Haines MNI Master Mariner James Addison Associate Clyde Co LLP accidents of this type in 2010 alone. These losses have caused concern at the IMO leading to calls for a further review and the development
Learn MoreCargo Liquefying Whilst at SeaIMSBC Code Guideline
Fig Cargo liquefaction case at sea. ensure that detailed stability calculations are carried out before departure from the load port for every cargo loaded. The calculations will then serve as baseline data in the event of a liquefaction incident.
Learn MoreLiquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport
Liquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport accidents in LNG tankers Liquefied natural gas (LNG) compresses to a small fraction of its original volume (approximately 1/600) under liquefaction. With the amount of flammable material that LNG contains it has the potential to be an extremely dangerous chemical if handled improperly.
Learn MoreNickel Ore Liquefaction Eyed in Bulker Sinking Off
Oct 13 2017 · Cargo liquefaction can lead to cargo shift and vessel stability issues and in the worst case can cause a ship to capsize at a moments notice. For
Learn MoreMaritime Disasters Related to Vessel Instability Gen Re
May 12 2015 · Cargo-related stability problems are another cause of vessel capsizing. Improper loading shifting cargo overloading or the liquefaction of bulk cargoes can quickly overturn a ship frequently with loss of life. The bulk carrier BULK JUPITER was en route from Kuantan Malaysia to China loaded with 46 400 megatonnes of bauxite in bulk.
Learn MoreCasualties and loss of life in bulk carriers from 1980 to
Actually according to Roberts et al (2013) cargoes of nickel ore are prone to liquefaction under certain atmospheric conditions which can then lead to cargo shifts loss of stability and
Learn MoreNumerical investigation of solid bulk cargo liquefaction
1. Introduction. Over the past few years the risk of cargo liquefaction on ship safety has risen sharply. The liquefaction of mineral ores such as iron ore and nickel ore can result in cargo displacement ( cargo shift ) and loss of ship stability which has been a major cause of marine casualties.
Learn MoreLiquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport
Liquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport accidents in LNG tankers Liquefied natural gas (LNG) compresses to a small fraction of its original volume (approximately 1/600) under liquefaction. With the amount of flammable material that LNG contains it has the potential to be an extremely dangerous chemical if handled improperly.
Learn MoreLiquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport
Liquefied natural gases (LNG) -marine transport accidents in LNG tankers Liquefied natural gas (LNG) compresses to a small fraction of its original volume (approximately 1/600) under liquefaction. With the amount of flammable material that LNG contains it has the potential to be an extremely dangerous chemical if handled improperly.
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The Guide primarily aims to explain through use of an easy-to-follow flow-chart how Nickel Ore can continue to be safely shipped within limitations whilst raising awareness of the serious issue of cargo liquefaction and is targeted at the widest possible distribution within industry including shippers shipowners and ship s masters .
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